Consultancy Service for Topographic Survey and Wastewater Collection Network Design in Za’tari Camp, Mafraq, Jordan”

Wastewater collection network designed to collect from both the existing communal and household facilities, and also provide for future connections from the planned household facilities expected to be developed for the entire population/households across the camp, around100,000 refugee.  Due to the special conditions of the camp including its limited natural slopes, the low water consumption, the pipe laying difficulties because of the population density and the limited access between shelters, in addition to the necessity to satisfy the treatment plant input limitations, the “simplified sewers”- solid free systems had been considered in the design instead of the conventional sewer.  The sewerage network was designed using small diameter pipes laid at shallower depth and flatter gradient than conventional sewers as it is only carries liquid.  The simplified sewer system consists of solid collection tank (Interceptor) that collects the sewage from a group of (3-5) shelters, this tank allows for the solids to be settled down and the liquid to rise up and to be discharged from the tank outlet. The tanks should be dislodged periodically according to theirs size.  Submain pipelines with 100 mm diameter collect the solid free water from these tanks and then they will be connected to the main pipelines with diameter ranges between (100 and 200)mm. Trunk pipelines (300 and 400)mm will collect from the entire network and then connected to the lifting stations.  The camp was served with two lifting stations to avoid deep excavation, the pumps discharge the flow to the existing treatment plant which located to the south of the camp.  WASH facilities serve various purposes including latrines, bathing areas, laundry areas and food preparation, and take varying forms from simple unlined surface pits to private ‘hamams’ with in ground wastewater collection tanks or with a direct connection to an underground storm water drainage system installed by THW for the 2012-2013 wet season. Motivating factors have been communicated for establishing household WASH facilities include: lack of security around communal WASH facilities; privacy for women, girls and vulnerable members of the household, and the capacity to establish more comfortable living conditions.  As there is significant health, environmental and cost impacts of the current sanitation systems in the camp and the system of desludging wastewater collection tanks or pits, it is proposed to establish a wastewater collection network throughout the camp. The objective of this design is to develop standardized, safe, hygienic, simplified and effective sewer collection system that meets the needs of the community throughout the camp and serves all parts of the camp, to allow households to safely store and dispose wastewater that may otherwise have a detrimental impact on public health and on the environment; as the Ministry of Water and Irrigation requests no wastewater to be disposed to the ground.  A wastewater collection network for Za’atri camp was designed to collect from both the existing communal and household facilities, which is of increasing concern for the WASH and Health sectors, and camp management for the following reasons:  1. Increasing hygiene related health risks with increased exposure to wastewater and associated vectors. These risks include the potential for a variety of water borne diseases. This risk increases into the wet season (short but intense) where there is a potential of flooding of household WASH facilities or their wastewater collection system;  2. Increased risk of ground infiltration with potential contamination of the aquifer serving the Za’atri well field;  3. Increased risk of safety related incidents associated with non-standardized facilities;  4. Tankering wastewater is economically and environmentally unsustainable